{"id":25076,"date":"2023-02-17T06:39:37","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T05:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?p=25076"},"modified":"2023-02-17T12:10:06","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T11:10:06","slug":"raimon-obiols-lapunt-del-dia-30-la-iconografia-oficial-es-sempre-falsa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/raimon-obiols-lapunt-del-dia-30-la-iconografia-oficial-es-sempre-falsa\/","title":{"rendered":"Raimon Obiols: L\u2019apunt del dia\/30 (La iconografia oficial \u00e9s sempre falsa)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Despr\u00e9s de la derrota francesa a la <a href=\"https:\/\/ca.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guerra_franco-prussiana\">guerra franco-prussiana<\/a> (<strong>1870-1871<\/strong>) i la caiguda de <strong>Napole\u00f3 III<\/strong>, els treballadors parisencs es van revoltar contra el nou govern de tend\u00e8ncia reialista i van proclamar la&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/ca.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs\">Comuna de Par\u00eds<\/a>.&nbsp; Van seguir setmanes de lluita, durant les quals les tropes de Versalles van atacar la ciutat mentre els <em>communards<\/em> aixecaven barricades.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab<em>Vist a trav\u00e9s de la lent del que alguns estudiosos anomenen &#8220;hist\u00f2ria mundial&#8221;, el que va passar a Par\u00eds entre el <strong>18<\/strong> de mar\u00e7 i el <strong>28<\/strong> de maig de <strong>1871<\/strong> \u00e9s gaireb\u00e9 insignificant<\/em>\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/jacobinlat.com\/2021\/05\/28\/espectros-de-la-comuna-de-paris\/amp\/\">ha escrit <strong>Enzo Traverso<\/strong><\/a>, demanant-se el perqu\u00e8 de la longevitat i la persist\u00e8ncia del record d&#8217;aquell esdeveniment tan fuga\u00e7. \u00ab<em>La resposta<\/em>\u00bb, diu Traverso,&nbsp; \u00ab<em>rau en all\u00f2 que, des del principi, tothom va percebre: l&#8217;extraordin\u00e0ria dimensi\u00f3 simb\u00f2lica de la Comuna<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ernest-Charles i <strong>Eug\u00e8ne Appert<\/strong>, fot\u00f2grafs retratistes parisencs, van fer costat als versallessos contra la Comuna i foren dels primers a practicar les t\u00e8cniques incipients del muntatge fotogr\u00e0fic per donar la impressi\u00f3 d&#8217;haver fotografiat una acci\u00f3 real. En&nbsp; public\u00e0ren una s\u00e8rie, amb el nom de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimes_de_la_Commune\"><em>Crimes de la Commune<\/em><\/a>, on uns actors representaven escenas muntades a base de retallar i enganxar fotos sobre els fons adequats. En ocasions, per tal de refor\u00e7ar encara m\u00e9s l\u2019efecte de  propaganda pol\u00edtica, sobre els cossos dels actors enganxaven fotografies dels caps dels principals dirigents de la Comuna.&nbsp; &nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"243\" height=\"207\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/F8253BF1-6F78-4250-A28B-A1AF5C8A50C3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25083\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/F8253BF1-6F78-4250-A28B-A1AF5C8A50C3.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?attachment_id=25083\" class=\"wp-image-25083\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"153\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/09013B39-9388-4195-90BF-8B814A5CE8D7.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25084\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/09013B39-9388-4195-90BF-8B814A5CE8D7.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?attachment_id=25084\" class=\"wp-image-25084\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"710\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2A26722A-7043-4636-93EC-692FE2666E53-1024x710.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25085\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2A26722A-7043-4636-93EC-692FE2666E53.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?attachment_id=25085\" class=\"wp-image-25085\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2A26722A-7043-4636-93EC-692FE2666E53-1024x710.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2A26722A-7043-4636-93EC-692FE2666E53-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2A26722A-7043-4636-93EC-692FE2666E53-768x532.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2A26722A-7043-4636-93EC-692FE2666E53.jpeg 1239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Eug\u00e8ne Appert: Crimes de la Commune<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Eug\u00e8ne<\/strong> <strong>Appert<\/strong> va retratar, per enc\u00e0rrec de les autoritats, un bon nombre de <em>communards<\/em> empresonats. Tamb\u00e9 en f\u00e9u de dones, que eren a la pres\u00f3 de Chantiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"654\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2EA54861-E2C7-4D54-9600-1B973B1B2C37-654x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25086\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2EA54861-E2C7-4D54-9600-1B973B1B2C37.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?attachment_id=25086\" class=\"wp-image-25086\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2EA54861-E2C7-4D54-9600-1B973B1B2C37-654x1024.jpeg 654w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2EA54861-E2C7-4D54-9600-1B973B1B2C37-192x300.jpeg 192w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2EA54861-E2C7-4D54-9600-1B973B1B2C37.jpeg 766w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 654px) 100vw, 654px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/30B5C6B8-E2ED-4E25-840E-DE153B967EAE-652x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25087\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/30B5C6B8-E2ED-4E25-840E-DE153B967EAE.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?attachment_id=25087\" class=\"wp-image-25087\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/30B5C6B8-E2ED-4E25-840E-DE153B967EAE-652x1024.jpeg 652w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/30B5C6B8-E2ED-4E25-840E-DE153B967EAE-191x300.jpeg 191w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/30B5C6B8-E2ED-4E25-840E-DE153B967EAE.jpeg 764w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"281\" height=\"450\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/068CFB7F-DACA-415D-B681-81859BAC1FA5.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25088\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/068CFB7F-DACA-415D-B681-81859BAC1FA5.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?attachment_id=25088\" class=\"wp-image-25088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/068CFB7F-DACA-415D-B681-81859BAC1FA5.jpeg 281w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/068CFB7F-DACA-415D-B681-81859BAC1FA5-187x300.jpeg 187w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Eug\u00e8ne Appert: Retrats de la pres\u00f3 de Chantiers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Despr\u00e9s, amb aquelles fotos va fer  un muntatge fotogr\u00e0fic que les mostra a totes juntes en el pati de la pres\u00f3. Se les veu dempeus, dignes, donant l\u2019esquena als soldats i als  fusells que les vigilen.<em> <\/em>A la dreta, hi ha <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louise_Michel\">Louise Michel<\/a><\/strong>. A\u00a0 l\u2019esquerra, un grup de noies brindant i xumant:\u00a0 un detall del muntatge, fet sens dubte amb afany de denigrar (\u00ab<em>s\u00f3n unes borratxines\u00bb<\/em>) , que en canvi  transmet una viva  sensaci\u00f3 de <em>joie de vivre.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Li hem d\u2019agra\u00efr a <strong>Eug\u00e8ne Appert <\/strong>que li sort\u00eds el tret per la culata, perqu\u00e8  la seva composici\u00f3 fotogr\u00e0fica s\u2019ha convertit involunt\u00e0riament en un homenatge impensat. \u00c9s un retrat col\u00b7lectiu d\u2019unes dones lliures per b\u00e9 que empresonades, que t\u00e9 una dignitat i una veracitat que en cap cas no hauria tingut un hipot\u00e8tic  retrat del  grup,  en el sup\u00f2sit que la Comuna hagu\u00e9s triomfat. La iconografia oficial \u00e9s sempre falsa i a vegades un muntatge fotogr\u00e0fic diu la veritat.  <br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2FBB4B22-D63C-4AAB-A1C1-2820E895416E-1024x640.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25096\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2FBB4B22-D63C-4AAB-A1C1-2820E895416E-1024x640.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2FBB4B22-D63C-4AAB-A1C1-2820E895416E-300x188.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2FBB4B22-D63C-4AAB-A1C1-2820E895416E-768x480.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2FBB4B22-D63C-4AAB-A1C1-2820E895416E.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Eug\u00e8ne Appert: \u00abPrison des Chantiers, le 15 ao\u00fbt 1871, Versailles, avec les noms de Marie Guyard, Rose Bocquin, Hortense David, Aline Accard, Anna Rotchild, Marie Leroy, Marie Moussu, Jos\u00e9phine Marchais, Isabelle R\u00e9tif, Louise Michel, Eulalie Papavoine, Marie Chiffon, Anne Menan, L\u00e9ontine Suetens\u00bb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"525\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/10A9C81D-AD57-409F-B886-1DE87B01DD90.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25137\" class=\"wp-image-25137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/10A9C81D-AD57-409F-B886-1DE87B01DD90.jpeg 330w, https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/10A9C81D-AD57-409F-B886-1DE87B01DD90-189x300.jpeg 189w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"279\" height=\"276\" src=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DB979D36-F789-419E-8C6F-0ABC9EA9C991.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25140\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DB979D36-F789-419E-8C6F-0ABC9EA9C991.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/?attachment_id=25140\" class=\"wp-image-25140\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">A l\u2019esquerra, Louise Michel (dreta, amb faldilla blanca) i les seves companyes; a la dreta, un grup de recluses posant bona cara al mal temps<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P.S.-<\/strong> \u00ab <em>Ens van enviar,  a una trentena de dones,  a la pres\u00f3 de Chantiers, a Versalles. All\u00e0, al voltant d&#8217;una gran sala quadrada, al primer pis, pass\u00e0vem el dia assegudes a terra de dia, i de nit ens estir\u00e0vem com podiem. Al cap de quinze dies ens van donar un farcell de palla. A dalt hi havia  un forat per pujar a la sala d&#8217;interrogatoris, i un altre portava a la planta baixa on estaven els nens presoners; dos fanals il\u00b7luminaven de nit aquella sala. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Durant molt de temps em van prohibir veure la meva mare que venia<br>sovint de Montmartre sense poder parlar amb mi. Un dia que l&#8217;havien allunyat mentre la pobra dona em donava una ampolla amb caf\u00e8,  vaig llan\u00e7ar l\u2019ampolla  al  cap del gendarme que l&#8217;havia allunyat. A un oficial que em feia  retrets, li vaig dir que l\u2019\u00fanic que lamentava era haver-me  dirigit a un instrument en comptes d&#8217;haver-ho fet als que li donaven les ordres<\/em>\u00bb (<em style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.poesies.net\/louisemichelmemoire.txt\">M\u00e9moires De Louise Michel \u00e9crits par elle-m\u00eame<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despr\u00e9s de la derrota francesa a la guerra franco-prussiana (1870-1871) i la caiguda de Napole\u00f3 III, els treballadors parisencs es van revoltar contra el nou govern de tend\u00e8ncia reialista i van proclamar la&nbsp; Comuna de Par\u00eds.&nbsp; Van seguir setmanes de lluita, durant les quals les tropes de Versalles van atacar la ciutat mentre els communards &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,285,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-espaisocialista","category-lapunt-del-dia","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25076"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25152,"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25076\/revisions\/25152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noucicle.org\/lhora\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}